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Micro/Nanorobotics

Digital CV of U Kei Cheang

 

U Kei Cheang, Ph.D.

 

Biography

Dr. U Kei Cheang is currently an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering at Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech). He earned his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University in 2015, where he was a recipient of the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP), NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT), and NSF East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes (EAPSI) Fellowships. Since joining SUSTech in 2017, Dr. Cheang has led an independent research team focused on the development of micro- and nanorobots. His innovative work on robotic microswimmers was recognized with the UNESCO Netexplo Top 10 Award in 2016. Additionally, he received the MOST High-End Foreign Expert Award in 2019, the Shenzhen Overseas High-Level Talent Award in 2019, the Shenzhen Excellent Young Scholars Award in 2022, and the Guangdong Young Top Talents Award in 2025.

 

Information

University Address: Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Citizenship: U.S.; Chinese (Macau SAR); Portuguese
Language: English (native proficiency); Cantonese (working proficiency); Mandarin (intermediate)
Contact: cheanguk@sustech.edu.cn
Website: https://faculty.sustech.edu.cn/zhengyj/en/

 

Education

Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, 2015
B.S./M.S., Accelerated Degree Program, Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, 2010

 

Experience

Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA

Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea

Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea

ECRI Institute, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA

Metrologic Instrument Inc., Blackwood, NJ, USA

 

Teaching Experience

Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, 2017 - Present

[All Data were obtained from 2017 to 2024]

Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA

Adjunct Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Spring 2016

Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Adjunct Professor, Goodwin College, Spring 2011

Teaching Assistant, College of Engineering, 2008 - 2015

 

Honors and Awards

 

Research Grants

  1. 深圳市科技创新委员会，面上项目，JCYJ20250604144219025, Multilayered Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogel Microrobots for Targeted Multi-Drug-Photothermal Therapy to Overcome Tumor Drug Resistance, ????? – ?????, ¥300,000, role: PI
  2. 广东省科学技术厅，广东特支计划，2024TQ08Z703，青年拔尖人才培养，2025.08 – 2028.07，¥500,000，主持
  3. 深圳市科技创新委员会，面上项目，JCYJ20240813094921029，装载生长因子微型机器人的制备、干细胞递送及自组装的研究，2024.11 – 2027.11，¥300,000，role: PI
  4. 国家自然科学基金，面上项目，52375569，磁驱微型机器人的定点组装、集群控制及其在干细胞递送与成骨分化中的研究，2024.01 – 2027.12，¥500,000，role: PI
  5. 广东省科技厅，面上项目，2023A1515012229，用于递送干细胞的磁驱微型机器人生物相容性、集群控制和原位组装研究，2023.01 – 2025.12，¥100,000，role: PI
  6. 深圳市科技创新委员会，优青项目，RCYX20210609103644015，级联响应纳米机器人的批量制备及体内肿瘤靶向治疗研究，2022.04 – 2025.04，¥2,000,000，role: PI
  7. 广东省教育厅，生物医药与健康重点领域专项，2021ZDZX2037，基于磁性黑磷纳米机器人的制备及体内靶向肿瘤的研究，2021.09 – 2024.08，¥400,000，role: PI
  8. 深圳市科技创新委员会，稳定支持面上项目，20200925155648005，纳米机器人的纳米压印制备及磁控靶向递药研究，2021.01 - 2022.12，¥500,000，role: PI
  9. 深圳市科技创新委员会，基础研究（自由探索），JCYJ20180302174151692，基于纳米机器人的药物传递体系在微环境中的靶向导航控制的研究，2019.10 – 2021.09，¥300,000，role: PI
  10. 中华人民共和国科学技术部，高端外国专家引进计划项目，BG20190232001，基于旋转磁场的二维非手性微纳机器人的制备与性能测试，2019.06 – 2020.06，¥100,000，role: PI
  11. 国家自然科学基金，外国青年学者研究基金项目，51850410516，Nanorobotics for Drug Delivery: High-throughput Fabrication and Simulated in vivo Navigation，2019.01 – 2020.12，¥400,000，role: PI
  12. 广东省教育厅，特色创新类项目，2017KTSCX167，非手性形状微型机器人，2018.04 – 2020.04，¥80,000，role: PI
  13. 深圳市人力资源和社会保障局，深圳市海外高层次人才，20181119590C，用于靶向治疗的微纳机器人制造与控制研究，2017.09 - 2022.09，¥3,000,000，role: PI
  14. National Science Foundation，1209961，NSF East Asia and Pacific Summer Institute for FY 2012 in Korea: Investigation of Microswimming in Biological Fluid Environment，2012.06 – 2012.10，US$836.00，role: PI

 

Research Grants (English)

  1. Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission, General Program, JCYJ20250604144219025, Multilayered Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogel Microrobots for Targeted Multi-Drug-Photothermal Therapy to Overcome Tumor Drug Resistance, ????? – ?????, ¥300,000, role: PI
  2. Guangdong Association for Science and Technology, Guangdong Special Support Program, 2024TQ08Z703, Cultivation of young top talents, 2025.08 – 2028.07, ¥500,000, role: PI
  3. Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission, General Program, JCYJ20240813094921029, Fabrication and self-assembly of growth factor-loaded microrobots for stem cell delivery, 2024.11 – 2027.11, ¥300,000, role: PI
  4. National Natural Science Foundation of China, General Program, 52375569, In situ assembly of magnetically actuated MSC-loaded microrobot swarms for targeted stem-cell therapy, 2024.01 – 2027.12, ¥500,000, PI
  5. Guangdong Association for Science and Technology, General Program, 2023A1515012229, Fabrication, control, and in situ assembly of biocompatible achiral microrobot for targeted stem cell delivery, 2023.01 – 2025.12, ¥100,000, role: PI
  6. Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission, Excellent Young Talent Award Program, RCYX20210609103644015, Fabrication and magnetic control of multi-stimuli responsive nanorobots for in vivo targeted therapy, 2022.04 – 2025.04, ¥2,000,000, role: PI
  7. Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Specialized Program in Key Areas of Biomedicine and Health, 2021ZDZX2037, Fabrication of magnetic black phosphorus-based nanorobots for in vivo tumor targeting, 2021.09 – 2024.08, ¥400,000, role: PI
  8. Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission, General Program, 20200925155648005, Nanoimprinting of nanorobots and their application in magnetically controlled targeted drug delivery, 2021.07 – 2023.07, ¥500,000, role: PI
  9. Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission, Basic Research (Free Exploration), JCYJ20180302174151692, Targeted navigation of drug delivery nanorobots in microenvironments, 2019.10 – 2021.09, ¥300,000, role: PI
  10. Ministry of Science and Technology, High-End Foreign Expert Recruitment Program, BG20190232001, Fabrication and characterization of two-dimensional magnetic achiral micro/nanorobots, 2019.06 – 2020.06, ¥100,000, role: PI
  11. National Natural Science Foundation of China, Research Fund for International Young Scientists (RFIS-I), 51850410516, Nanorobotics for drug delivery: High-throughput fabrication and simulated in vivo navigation, 2019.01 – 2020.12, ¥400,000, role: PI
  12. Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Featured Innovation Projects (Natural Science), 2017KTSCX167, Fabrication and control of achiral microrobots, 2018.04 – 2020.04, ¥80,000, role: PI
  13. Shenzhen Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Shenzhen Overseas High-Level Talents Program, 2017KTSCX167, Fabrication and control of micro/nanorobots for targeted therapy, 2017.09 – 2022.09, ¥3,000,000, role: PI
  14. National Science Foundation, 1209961, NSF East Asia and Pacific Summer Institute for FY 2012 in Korea: Investigation of Microswimming in Biological Fluid Environment, 2012.06 – 2012.10, US$836.00, role: PI

 

Mentorship

Research Assistant Professor (direct supervision)

Postdoctoral researchers (direct supervision)

Ph.D. Students (direct supervision)

M.S. Students (direct supervision)

Research Assistants (direct supervision)

Undergraduate Students

Advisor for Extracurricular Projects

  1. Haoying Wang, *** Liang, *** Zhang, *** Yang (王昊英, 梁**, 张**, 杨**), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Postdoctoral Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition (粤港澳大湾区博士博士后创新创业大赛项目), Hemostatic dressings for hemophiliacs (面向血友病患者的强效止血敷料), 2022, Advisor: U Kei Cheang
  2. Junfeng Xiong, Yangyuan Li, Siqi Guo, Huizhao Ding, Yanping Kuang, Haipeng Wang, Chaoyang Jiang, Jiawei Lu, Xiaoxia Song (熊俊峰, 李杨元, 郭思琦, 丁惠钊, 匡燕平, 汪海鹏, 蒋朝洋, 卢嘉伟, 宋小霞), Guangdong Climbing Project (广东省攀登计划), pdjh2021c0048, Fabrication and biomedical application of tumor-targeted dual-responsive drug-loaded nanorobots (肿瘤靶向双响应性载药纳米机器人的制备与生物医学应用研究), 2021-2022, ￥20,000, Advisor: U Kei Cheang
  3. Siqi Guo, Teng Jiang, Zhi Chen, Zihan Wang, Yukun Zhong, Guangzhi Zhu, Xiaoxia Song, Junfeng Xiong (郭思琦, 江腾, 陈志, 汪子涵, 钟钰琨, 朱光智, 宋小霞, 熊俊峰), Guangdong Climbing Project (广东省攀登计划), pdjh2020c0047, Fabrication and research of tumor-targeted dual-responsive drug-loaded nanorobots (肿瘤靶向双响应性载药纳米机器人的制备与研究), 2020-2021, ￥20,000, Advisor: U Kei Cheang
  4. Jiyu Xie, Ting Chen, Weijie Guo, Kang Tang, Bolin He, Hao Liu, Yunbo Liu (谢济宇, 陈婷, 郭伟杰, 唐康, 何柏霖, 刘豪, 刘运波), Guangdong Climbing Project (广东省攀登计划), pdjhb0447, Fabrication and micro/nanomanipulation of micro/nanorobots for precise targeted therapy of tumors (面向肿瘤精准靶向治疗的微纳机器人制备与微纳操控), 2018-2019, ￥30,000, Advisor: U Kei Cheang
  5. Siyu Guo, Nan Huang, Shichen Huang, Chengyu Liu, Yuchen Xie, Zhen Huang, Yubin Hu, Jiyu Xie (郭思雨, 黄楠, 祁是辰, 刘澄昱, 谢宇晨, 黄镇, 胡玉斌, 谢济宇), BIOMOD, Swarms of stimuli-responsive self-assembled biomolecular motor system for biomedical applications, 2019, Advisor: U Kei Cheang
  6. Zheming Gao, Qishuo Yang, Zhuorui Deng, Xinyu Wang (高哲明, 杨其朔, 邓卓睿, 王欣雨), Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Competition (节能减排比赛), Electric vehicle expressway track related endurance system (电动汽车高速路轨道关联续航系统), 2019, Advisor: U Kei Cheang

Mentorship prior to the appointment at SUSTech

 

Services

Editorship

Committee and Chair

Journal Paper Reviewer (reviewed over 40 manuscripts)

[Note: the impact factors might be outdated]

Conference Paper Reviewer

Others

Academic Affiliations

Community Service

 

Journal Papers

  1. Zhaowen Su, Lijun Fang, Hoyeon Kim, U Kei Cheang*, "Enhancing microrobot swarm stability and adaptation by autonomous field-of-view planning," Adv. Intell. Syst., 2025, 2500369 [PDF]
  2. C. Duygu, S. Lee, A. Liu, U K. Cheang, M.J. Kim*, "Surface motion dynamics andswimming control of planarmagnetic microswimmers," Sci. Rep., 2025, 15, 9645 [PDF]
  3. X. Song, A. Gul, H. Zhao, R. Qian, L. Fang, C. Huang, L. Xi, L. Wang, U K. Cheang*, "Hybrid Membrane Biomimetic Photothermal Nanorobots for Enhanced Chemodynamic-Chemotherapy/Immunotherapy," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17(4), 5784-5798 [PDF]
  4. L. Fang#, H. Kim#, Z. Su, U K. Cheang*, "Autonomous navigation of soft microrobots across fields of view using image stitching and global path planning," IEEE Rob. Autom. Lett., 2024, 10(1), 820-827 [PDF]
  5. Y. Zhong, J. Zhang, L. Fang, and U K. Cheang*, "MOF-modified microrollers for bioimaging and sustained antibiotic delivery," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16(36), 47163–47177 [PDF]
  6. H. Wang, J. Xiong, Y. Cai, W. Fu, Y. Zhong, T. Jiang, and U K. Cheang*, "Stabilization of CsPbBr3 nanowires through SU-8 encapsulation for the fabrication of bilayer microswimmers with magnetic and fluorescence properties," Small, 2024, 2400346 [PDF]
  7. Y. Zhong, H. Li, T. Jiang, X. Mu, M. Seki, and U K. Cheang*, "Double-layered MOFs-based microswimmers for adaptive dual-drug anti-cancer therapy using artemisinin-based compounds," Adv. Intell. Syst.,2024, 2400244 [PDF]
  8. T. Wei, R. Zhao, L. Fang, Z. Li, M. Yang, Z. Zhan, U K. Cheang, C. Hu, "Encoded magnetization for programmable soft miniature machines by covalent assembly of modularly coupled microgels," Adv. Funct. Mater., 2023, 34(16), 2311908 [PDF]
  9. C. Duygu, U K. Cheang, A. Leshansky*, M.J. Kim*, "Propulsion of planar V-shaped microswimmers in a conically rotating magnetic field," Adv. Intell. Syst., 2023, 6(1), 2300496 [PDF]
  10. J. Xiong, J. Zhang, X. Song, Y. Zhong, H. Wang, and U K. Cheang*, "Magnetically hydrogel 2D microswimmers fabricated by ultraviolet standard lithography for SERS detection: In-situ coprecipitation achieves continuous loading of iron oxide," Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 2023, 11, 255 [PDF]
  11. Z. Chen, X. Mu, X. Song, J. Zhang, and U K. Cheang*, "2D magnetic microswimmers for targeted cell transport and 3D cell culture structure construction," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2023, 15(7), 8840-8853 [PDF]
  12. H. Wang, X. Song, J. Xiong, and U K. Cheang*, "Fabrication of bilayer magnetically actuated L-shaped microrobot based on chitosan via photolithography," Polymers, 2022, 14(24), 5509 [PDF]
  13. X. Song, R. Qian, T. Li, W. Fu, L. Fang, Y. Cai, H. Guo, L. Xi, and U K. Cheang*, "Imaging guided biomimetic M1 macrophage membrane-camouflaged magnetic nanorobots for photothermal immunotargeting cancer therapy," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14(51), 56548–56559 [PDF]
  14. Z. Wang#, X. Mu#, L. Tan, and U K. Cheang*, "A rolled-up-based fabrication method of 3D helical microrobots," Front. Rob. AI, 2022, 9, 1063987 #Contributed equally [PDF]
  15. L. Tan, Z. Wang, X. Shi, Z. Chen, and U K. Cheang*, "Improving swimming performance of photolithography-based microswimmers using curvature structures," Micromachines, 2022, 13(11), 1965 [PDF]
  16. T. Jiang, X. Song, X. Mu, and U K. Cheang*, "Macrophage-compatible magnetic achiral nanorobots fabricated by electron beam lithography," Sci. Rep., 2022, 12, 13080 [PDF]
  17. X. Song, W. Fu, and U K. Cheang*, "Immunomodulation and delivery of macrophage using nano-smooth drug-loaded magnetic microrobots for dual targeting cancer cell therapy," iScience, 2022, 25(7), 104507 [PDF]
  18. J. Xiong, X. Song, Y. C, Y. Li, Y. J, L. Guo, and U K. Cheang*, "Stop-flow lithography for the continuous production of degradable hydrogel achiral crescent microswimmers," Micromachines, 2022, 13(5), 798 [PDF]
  19. D. Quashie, P. Benhal, Z. Chen, Z. Wang X. Mu, X. Song, T. Jiang, Y. Zhong, U K. Cheang, and J. Ali, "Magnetic bio-hybrid micro/nano actuators," Nanoscale, 2022, 14(12), 4364-4379 [PDF]
  20. Y. Zhong, X. Mu, and U K. Cheang*, "High-performance and selective adsorption of ZIF-8/MIL-100 hybrids towards organic pollutants," Nanoscale Adv., 2022, 4(5), 1431-1444 [PDF]
  21. Z. Chen, Z. Wang, D. Quashie Jr, P. Benhal, J. Ali, M.J. Kim, and U K. Cheang*, "Propulsion of magnetically actuated achiral planar microswimmers in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids," Sci. Rep., 2021, 11, 21190 [PDF]
  22. X. Mu, Z. Wang, Y. Zhong, T. Jiang, and U K. Cheang*, "Development of 2D MOFs-based microrobots under annealing treatment and their biomedical application," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2021, 60(26), 9465-9474 [PDF]
  23. P. Benhal, D. Quashie, U K. Cheang, and J. Ali*, "Propulsion kinematics of achiral microswimmers in viscous fluids," Appl. Phys. Lett., 2021, 118(20), 204103 [PDF]
  24. X. Mu, Y. Zhong, T. Jiang, and U K. Cheang*, "Effect of solvation on the synthesis of MOFs-based micro/nanorobots and its targeted-therapy applications," Mater. Adv., 2021, 2(12), 3871-3880 [PDF][Front cover]
  25. X. Song, Z. Chen, X. Zhang, J. Xiong, T. Jiang, Z. Wang, X. Geng, and U K. Cheang*, "Magnetic tri-bead microrobot assisted near-infrared triggered combined photothermal and chemotherapy of cancer cells," Sci. Rep., 2021, 11, 7907 [PDF]
  26. S. Shi, Y. Yan, J. Xiong, U K. Cheang, X. Yao, and Y. Chen, "Nanorobots-assisted natural computation for multifocal tumor sensitization and targeting," IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci., 2021, 20(2), 154-165 [PDF][Front cover]
  27. X. Mu, S. Liu, Y. Chen, U K. Cheang, M. W. George, and T. Wu, "Mechanistic and experimental study of the formation of MoS2/HKUST-1 core–shell composites on MoS2 quantum dots with an enhanced CO2 adsorption capacity," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2020, 59(13), 5808-5817 [PDF]
  28. S. Shi, N. Sharifi, U K. Cheang, and Y. Chen, "Perspective: computational nanobiosensing", IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci., 2020, 19(2), 267-269 [PDF]
  29. S. Shi, J. Xiong, Y. Zhou, T. Jiang, G. Zhu, X. Yao, U K. Cheang*, and Y. Chen*, "Microrobots based in vivo evolutionary computation in two-dimensional microchannel network," IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 2019, 19, 71-75 [PDF]
  30. L. Tan, J. Ali, U K. Cheang*, X. Shi, D. Kim, and M.J. Kim, "μ-PIV measurements of photolithography-fabricated achiral microswimmers," Micromachines, 2019, 10(12), 865 [PDF]
  31. Y. Chen, M. Ali, S. Shi, U K. Cheang, "Biosensing-by-learning direct targeting strategy for enhanced tumor sensitization," IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci., 2019, 18(3), 498-509 [PDF]
  32. H. Kim#, U K. Cheang#, L. W. Rogowski, and M.J. Kim, "Motion planning for particle based microrobots for static obstacle avoidance," J. Micro-Bio Rob., 2018, 14, 41-49 #Contributed equally [PDF]
  33. J. Ali, U K. Cheang, and M.J. Kim, "Biotemplated flagellar nanoswimmers," APL Materials, 2017, 5(11), 116106 [PDF]
  34. H. Kim, U K. Cheang, and M.J. Kim, "Autonomous dynamic obstacle avoidance for bacteria-powered microrobots (BPMs) with modified vector field histogram," PLoS ONE, 2017, 12(10), e0185744 [PDF]
  35. J. Ali, U K. Cheang, J.D. Martindale, H.C. Fu, and M.J. Kim, "Bacteria-inspired nanorobots with flagellar polymorphic transformations and bundling," Sci. Rep., 2017, 7, 14098 [PDF]
  36. U K. Cheang, H. Kim, D. Milutinovic, J. Choi, and M.J. Kim, "Feedback control of an achiral robotic microswimmer," J. Bionic Eng., 2017, 14(2), 245-259 [PDF]
  37. U K. Cheang, J. Ali, H. Kim, L. Rogowski, and M.J. Kim, "On-surface locomotion of particle based microrobots using magnetically induced oscillation," Micromachines, 2017, 8(2), 46 [PDF]
  38. J. Ali, U K. Cheang, Y. Liu, H. Kim, L. Rogowski, S. Sheckman, P. Patel, W. Sun, and M.J. Kim, "Fabrication and magnetic control of alginate-based rolling microrobots," AIP Adv., 2016, 6(12), 125205 [PDF]
  39. H. Kim, J. Ali, U K. Cheang, and M.J. Kim, "Micro manipulation using magnetic microrobots," J. Bionic Eng., 2016, 13(4), 515-524 [PDF]
  40. J. Ali, H. Kim, U K. Cheang, and M.J. Kim, "MicroPIV measurements of flows induced by rotating microparticles near a boundary," Microfluid. Nanofluid., 2016, 20(9), 1-11 [PDF]
  41. U K. Cheang, F. Meshkati, H.C. Fu, and M.J. Kim, "Versatile microrobotics using simple modular subunits," Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, 30472. [PDF]
  42. U K. Cheang and M.J. Kim, "Fabrication and control of simple low Reynolds number microswimmers," Appl. Phys. Lett., 2016, 109(3), 034101 [PDF]
  43. H. Kim, U K. Cheang, D.H. Kim, and M.J. Kim, "Hydrodynamics of self-actuated bacteria carpet near boundary using microscale particle image velocimentry," Biomicrofluidics, 2015, 9, 024121 [PDF]
  44. U K. Cheang, and M.J. Kim, "Self-assembly of robotic micro- and nanoswimmers using magnetic nanoparticles," J. Nanopart. Res., 2015, 17, 145 [PDF]
  45. U K. Cheang, A.A. Julius, and M.J. Kim, "Multiple-robot drug delivery strategy through coordinated teams of microswimmers," Appl. Phys. Lett., 2014, 105(8), 083705 [PDF]
  46. U K. Cheang, F. Meshkati, D.H. Kim, M.J. Kim, and H.C. Fu, "Minimal geometric requirements for micropropulsion via magnetic rotation," Phys. Rev. E, 2014, 90(3), 033007 [PDF]
  47. W. Jo, U K. Cheang, and M.J. Kim, "Development of flagella bio‐templated nanomaterials for electronics," Nano Convergence, 2014, 1(1), 1-14 [PDF]
  48. D.H. Kim, U K. Cheang, L. Kőhidai, D. Byun, and M.J. Kim, "Artificial magnetotactic motion control of Tetrahymena pyriformis using ferromagnetic nanoparticles: A tool for fabrication of microbiorobots," Appl. Phys. Lett., 2010, 97(17), 173702. [PDF]
  49. U K. Cheang#, D. Roy#, J.H. Lee, and M.J. Kim, "Fabrication and magnetic control of bacteria-inspired robotic microswimmers," Appl. Phys. Lett., 2010, 97(21), 213704. #Contributed equally [PDF]
  50. D.H. Kim, E.B. Steager, U K. Cheang, D.Y. Byun, and M.J. Kim, "A comparison of vision-based tracking schemes for control of microbiorobots," J. Micromech. Microeng., 2010, 20(6), 065006. [PDF]

 

Conference Papers

  1. Y. C. Duygu, M. Muhammad, S. Lee, L. Gurusinghe, A. Khedewy, Z. Wang, U K. Cheang, M. Kim*, "Model Predictive Control for Closed-Loop Surface Navigation of Magnetic Microswimmers," IEEE UR. 2025.: Texas, USA. [PDF]
  2. Z. Li, T. Jiang, D. Li, J. Qin, U K. Cheang*, "Fabrication and control of magnetic planar nanorobots," CCRIS. 2024.: Macau, China. [PDF]
  3. Y.C. Duygu, G. Kararsiz, A. Liu, U K. Cheang, A. Leshansky, M. J. Kim, "Advancing Planar Magnetic Microswimmers: Swimming, Channel Navigation, and Surface Motion," IEEE UR. 2024.: New York, USA. [PDF]
  4. S. Shi, J. Xiong, M. Ali, Y. Chen, U K. Cheang, M. J. Kim, and X. Yao, "Nanorobots-assisted tumor sensitization and targeting for multifocal tumor," IEEE NANO. 2020.: Montreal, Canada. [PDF]
  5. M. Ali, M. Nicholas, S. Shi, C. Michael, U K. Cheang, and Y. Chen, "Bio-inspired self-regulated in-vivo computation for smart cancer detection," IEEE NANO. 2020.: Montreal, Canada. [PDF]
  6. N. Sharifi, Y. Chen, G. Holmes, and U K. Cheang, and Z. Gong, "Model predictive control strategy for navigating nanoswimmers in blood vessels using taxicab geometry," IEEE NANOMED. 2020.: Gwangju, Korea. [PDF]
  7. S. Shi, J. Xiong, Y. Zhou, Y. Chen, and U K. Cheang, "Experimental verification of guidance and search strategy of nanobots under magnetic field control in grid network," IEEE NANO. 2019.: Macau, China. [PDF]
  8. Y. Chen, M. Ali, S. Shi, and U K. Cheang, "Direct targeting strategy for smart cancer detection as natural computing," IEEE ICC. 2019.: Shanghai, China. [PDF]
  9. Y. Chen, N. Sharifi, G. Holmes, and U K. Cheang, "Biosensing by learning: cancer detection as iterative optimization," IEEE EMBC. 2018.: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. [PDF]
  10. U K. Cheang, H. Kim, D. Milutinovic, J. Choi, L. Rogowski, and M.J. Kim, "Feedback control of three-bead achiral microswimmers," IEEE URAI. 2015.: Goyang city, Korea. (Best Paper) [PDF]
  11. H. Kim, U K. Cheang, A.A. Julius, and M.J. Kim, "Dynamic obstacle avoidance for bacteria-powered microrobots," IEEE/RSJ IROS. 2015.: Hamburg, Germany. [PDF]
  12. U K. Cheang, D. Milutinovic, J. Choi, and M.J. Kim, "Towards model-based control of achiral microswimmers," ASME DSCC. 2014.: San Antonio, TX. [PDF]
  13. U K. Cheang and M.J. Kim, "Magnetic control and nanoscale self-assembly of low Reynolds Number swimmers," IEEE 3M-NANO. 2014.: Taipei, Taiwan, China [PDF].
  14. H. Kim, U K. Cheang, and M.J. Kim, "Obstacle avoidance method for MicroBioRobots using electric field control," IEEE CYBER. 2013.: Hong Kong, China. [PDF]
  15. U K. Cheang, J. H. Lee, P. Kim, and M.J. Kim, "Magnetic control of biologically inspired robotic microswimmers," ASME-JSME-KSME. 2011.: Hamamatsu, Japan. [PDF]
  16. A.A. Julius, M.S. Sakar, E. B. Steager, U K. Cheang, M.J. Kim, V. Kumar, and G. J. Pappas, "Harnessing bacterial power in microscale actuation," IEEE ICRA. 2009: Kobe, Japan. [PDF]
  17. E.B. Steager, M. Selman Sakar, U K. Cheang, David Casale, Vijay Kumar, George J. Pappas, and M.J. Kim, "Galvanotactic control of self-powered microstructures," ASME IMECE. 2008: Boston, MA. [PDF]
  18. E.B. Steager, U K. Cheang, M.S. Sakar, A.A. Julius, V. Kumar, G.J. Pappas, and M.J. Kim, "Bacterial surface morphology for self-powered bacterial transporter," UKC. 2008: San Diego, CA. [PDF]

 

Conference Presentations

  1. U K. Cheang, "Nanomaterial for Biomedical Micro/Nanorobotics," Academic Seminar on Advanced Functional Materials and Devices (先进功能材料与器件学术研讨会). 2025.: Xi'an, China. (Invited talk 特邀报告, Academic Committee 学术委员)
  2. U K. Cheang, "Fabrication and Control of Magnetically actuated Micro/Nanorobots for Biomedical Applications," Micro-Nano Technology and Advanced Materials Innovation Conference (微纳科技与先进材料创新大会). 2025.: Wuhan, China. (Invited talk 特邀报告)
  3. U K. Cheang, "Toward smart micro/nanorobots for biomedical applications," Smart Medical Expo (新质生产力-智能柔性感知创新医疗产业峰会). 2025-05-30.: Shanghai, China. (Invited talk 特邀报告, 专题主席, 优秀评委)
  4. U K. Cheang, The 2nd Forum on Biological Health and Smart Medical Development (第二届生物健康与智慧医疗发展论坛). 2025-03-28.: Shenzhen, China. (Academic Committee 学术委员)
  5. U K. Cheang, "Magnetic micro/nanorobots for biomedical applications," The New Materials and Energy Industry Development Conference (新材料与能源产业发展大会). 2024.: Changsha, China. (Invited talk 特邀报告, Academic Committee 学术委员, Session Chair)
  6. U K. Cheang, "Smart micro/nanorobots for biomedical applications," The National Conference on Flexible Electronics (全国柔性电子学术会议). 2024.: Guilin, China. (Invited talk 邀请报告, Academic Committee 学术委员, Organization Committee)
  7. U K. Cheang, "Nanomaterial for Biomedical Micro/Nanorobotics," The 3rd Forum on the Development of Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Semiconductor Devices (第三届纳米光电材料与半导体器件发展论坛). 2024.: Beijing, China. (Invited talk 邀请报告)
  8. U K. Cheang, "Fabrication, control, and biomedical applications of magnetically actuated micro/nanorobots," GMROBOT. 2024.: Zurich, Switzerland. (Invited talk)
  9. U K. Cheang, "Fabrication, control, and biomedical applications of magnetically actuated achiral microswimmers," Forum on Biological Health and Smart Medical Development (生物健康与智慧医疗发展论坛). 2024.: Hangzhou, China. (Invited talk 邀请报告)
  10. U K. Cheang, "Fabrication, control, and biomedical applications of magnetically actuated achiral microswimmers," ICAM-BM. 2024.: Beijing, China. (Invited talk, Session Chair) [Abstract]
  11. U K. Cheang, "Fabrication, functionalization, and control of magnetically actuated microrobots," IEEE EECR. 2024.: Guangzhou, China. (Invited talk)
  12. U K. Cheang, "Fabrication, Control, and Biomedical applications of magnetically actuated achiral microswimmers," IEEE ICMRA. 2023.: Xiamen, China. (Invited talk)
  13. U K. Cheang, "Fabrication, Control, and Biomedical applications of magnetically actuated achiral microswimmers," PCEE. 2023.: Xiamen, China. (Invited talk)
  14. U K. Cheang, "Fabrication and control of achiral micro/nanoswimmers for biomedical applications," IEEE NANO. 2022.: Palma, Spain. (Special Session Organizer/Invited talk) [Abstract]
  15. Y. Zhong, Z. Chen, and U K. Cheang, "Medical applications of achiral micro-robots (非手性微型机器人的相关医学应用)," Micro-Nano Technology and Healthcare Innovation Conference (微纳米技术与医疗健康创新大会暨中国微米纳米技术学会第四届微米纳米技术应用创新大会). 2020.: Xiamen, China. (Poster)
  16. Z. Chen, Z. Wang, D. Quashie, P. Benhal, J. Ali, and U K. Cheang, "Propulsion of magnetically actuated achiral swimmers in complex fluids," 73rd APS DFD. 2020.: Chicago, Illinois, USA. [Abstract]
  17. J. Ali, L. Tan, X. Shi, D. Kim, M.J. Kim, and U K. Cheang, "MicroPIV measurements of flows induced by achiral microswimmers," 72nd APS DFD. 2019.: Seattle, Washington, USA. [Abstract]
  18. U K. Cheang, "Hydrodynamics of particle based achiral microswimmers," 2nd ICMNM. 2019.: Harbin, China. (Invited talk) [Abstract]
  19. U K. Cheang, "Fabrication and control of micro/nanorobots," IEEE/ASME AIM. 2019.: Hong Kong, China. (Special Session Invited talk) [Abstract]
  20. L. Rogowski, M. Oxner, J. Ali, P. Benhal, J. Ali, U K. Cheang, and M. J. Kim, "Flagellated Magnetic Particle Swimming," 71st APS DFD. 2018.: Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [Abstract]
  21. U K. Cheang, J. Ali, and M.J. Kim, "Fabrication of artificial bacteria using bacterial flagella," Biofabrication. 2017.: Beijing, China. [Abstract]
  22. U K. Cheang and M.J. Kim, "Fabrication and control of simple low Reynolds number microswimmers," 69th APS DFD. 2016.: Portland, OR. [Abstract]
  23. J. Ali, U K. Cheang, and M.J. Kim, "Bacterial flagella in a viscous shear flow," 69th APS DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. 2016.: Portland, OR. [Video]
  24. U K. Cheang, J. Ali, Y. Liu, H. Kim, W. Sun, and M.J. Kim, "Feedback control of artificial cells," 5th ICBE. 2016.: Ningbo, China. [Abstract]
  25. U K. Cheang, F. Meshkati, H.C. Fu, and M.J. Kim, "Hydrodynamics of simple microswimmers with two beads," 5th ICBE. 2016.: Ningbo, China. [Abstract]
  26. J. Ali, H. Kim, Y. Liu, U K. Cheang, W. Sun, and M.J. Kim, "Fabrication and magnetic control of alginate-based cellular microrobots," WBC. 2016.: Montreal, Canada. [Abstract]
  27. U K. Cheang, F. Meshkati, H.C. Fu, and M.J. Kim, "Modular microrobot for swimming in heterogeneous environments," 68th APS DFD. 2015.: Boston, MA. [Abstract]
  28. F. Meshkati, U K. Cheang, M.J. Kim, H. Fu, "Magnetic microswimmers: Controlling particle approach through magnetic and hydrodynamic interaction," 68th APS DFD. 2015.: Boston, MA. [Abstract]
  29. U K. Cheang, F. Meshkati, H.C. Fu, and M.J. Kim, "Magnetic control of rigid achiral microswimmers," 66th APS DFD. 2012.: Pittsburgh, PA. [Abstract]
  30. F. Meshkati, U K. Cheang, M.J. Kim, and H.C. Fu, "An efficient framework for qualitative and quantitative analysis of magnetically actuated, rigid microswimmers," 66th APS DFD. 2012.: Pittsburgh, PA. [Abstract]
  31. H.C. Fu, U K. Cheang, F. Meshkati, and M.J. Kim, "Achiral rigid magnetically actuated swimmers," 65th APS DFD. 2012.: San Diego, CA. [Abstract]
  32. U K. Cheang, M.J. Kim, and H.C. Fu, "Hydrodynamics of the biologically-inspired robotic microswimmer: simulation and experiment," ICBE. 2011.: Boston, MA. [Abstract]
  33. U K. Cheang, J. H. Lee, D. Roy, and M.J. Kim, "Control of biologically inspired robotic microswimmers," 63rd APS DFD. 2010.: Long Beach, CA. [Abstract]
  34. U K. Cheang, D. Roy, J. H. Lee, and M.J. Kim, "A novel method for fabrication of bacteria-inspired robotic microswimmers," Biofabrication. 2010.: Philadelphia, PA. [Abstract]

 

Books

  1. M.J. Kim, A.A. Julius, U K. Cheang, “Microbiorobotics: Biologically Inspired Microscale Robotic Systems,” 2nd edition, Elsevier, 2017. [Elsevier, Amazon]

 

Book Chapters

  1. U K. Cheang, “Microorganism powered and inspired nano/microrobots,” in Encyclopedia of Robotics, Ed. M. H. Ang, O. Khatib, B. Siciliano, Springer, 2021. [PDF]
  2. Y. Zhou, S. Shi, J. Xiong, Y. Chen, U K. Cheang, Q. Zhang, “Simulation and experimental platforms for nano-electromagnetic communication networks,” in Nano-Electromagnetic Communication at Terahertz and Optical Frequencies: Principles and applications, Ed. A. Alomainy, K. Yang, M. Imran, J.M. Jorne, Q.H. Abbasi, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019. [PDF]
  3. U K. Cheang, D. Milutinovic, J. Choi, and M.J. Kim, “Control of three bead achiral robotic microswimmers,” in Microbiorobotics: Biologically Inspired Microscale Robotic Systems, 2th edition, Ed. M.J. Kim, A.A. Julius, and U K. Cheang, Elsevier, 2017. [PDF]
  4. U K. Cheang, M.J. Kim, “Fabrication of mobile hybrid microswimmers using micro/nanoparticles and bacterial flagella,” in Nanobiomaterials: Development and Applications, Ed. D.K. Yi and G.C. Papaefthymiou, CRC Press, 2013. [PDF]
  5. U K. Cheang, M.J. Kim, “Fabrication of artificial bacteria for targeted drug delivery,” in BioFabrication, Ed. W. Sun and G. Forgacs, Elsevier, 2013. [PDF]

 

Student Theses

  1. Teng Jiang, 基于电子束曝光技术的微纳机器人的制备和控制研究, Master’s thesis, 2020 [PDF]
  2. Zihan Wang, 基于溶胀原理的螺旋形微型机器人制备方法的研究, Master’s thesis, 2020 [PDF]
  3. Liyuan Tan, 基于溶胀原理的螺旋形微型机器人制备方法的研究, Master’s thesis, 2019 [PDF]

[Please visit this link for a list of theses written by graduate students under my supervision]

 

Patents

Check out our english-translated patents here (U Kei Cheang = 郑裕基)

  1. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），陈志，丁惠钊，一种非手性磁控微型支架机器人及其制备方法和应用，申请日：2021-01-26，授权日：2025-07-15，中国发明专利，202110104223.2 [link, English]
  2. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），钟钰琨，穆学良，汪子涵，江腾，一种Ti纳米管、其制备方法和用途，申请日：2019-12-13，授权日：2025-03-25，中国发明专利，201911285324.3 [link, English]
  3. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），王昊英，方力军，一种磁控微纳机器人及其制作方法、用途，申请日：2022-06-01，授权日：2025-03-04，中国发明专利，202210614325.3 [link, English]
  4. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），汪子涵，穆学良，江腾，钟钰琨，一种螺旋型微型机器人及其制备方法和用途，申请日：2019-12-18，授权日：2025-02-25，中国发明专利，201911309837.3 [link, English]
  5. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），穆学良，钟钰琨，江腾，一种微型磁控机器人及其制备方法和应用，申请日：2021-06-25，授权日：2025-01-14，中国发明专利，202110712174.0 [link, English]
  6. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），陈志，一种非手性磁控微型机器人及其制备方法和应用，申请日：2021-01-26，授权日：2024-04-02，中国发明专利，202110104021.8 [link, English]
  7. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），钟钰琨，穆学良，江腾， 一种核壳结构材料及其制备方法与应用，申请日：2021-11-16，授权日：2024-03-12，中国发明专利，202111352242.3 [link, English]
  8. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），江腾，穆学良，钟钰琨，宋小霞，一种磁性微纳米机器人及其制备方法和应用，申请日：2021-06-07，授权日：2024-03-08，中国发明专利，202110631624.3 [link, English]
  9. 王昊英，宋小霞，郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），一种具有生物相容性的磁控微纳机器人及其制作方法和应用，申请日：2022-10-19，授权日：2023-12-05，中国发明专利，202211278260.6 [link, English]
  10. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），江腾，钟钰琨，穆学良，一种Janus微球及其制备方法和应用，申请日：2021-07-08，授权日：2023-11-03，中国发明专利，202110771871.3 [link, English]
  11. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），宋小霞，一种多孔磁性纳米机器人及其制备方法和应用，申请日：2021-04-16，授权日：2023-09-29，中国发明专利，202110410946.5 [link, English]
  12. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），蔡玉臻，耿鑫然，江腾，一种订书钉核酸、DNA纳米机器人及其制备方法和应用，申请日：2021-02-26，授权日：2023-08-15，中国发明专利，202110221142.0 [link, English]
  13. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），宋小霞，一种增强微纳米系统靶向能力的磁性微球的制备方法和应用，申请日：2021-04-16，授权日：2022-12-09，中国发明专利，202110412369.3 [link, English]
  14. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），陈志，一种非手性磁控微型机器人、装载干细胞的微型支架机器人及其医疗器械，申请日：2021-01-26，授权日：2022-07-08，中国实用新型专利，202120212792.4 [link, English]
  15. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），穆学良，钟钰琨，江腾，一种微型磁控机器人，申请日：2021-06-25，授权日：2022-05-27，中国实用新型专利，202121428161.2 [link, English]
  16. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），陈志，丁惠钊，一种非手性磁控微型支架机器人、装载干细胞的微型支架机器人及其医疗器械，申请日：2021-01-26，授权日：2022-03-08，中国实用新型专利，202120215619.X [link, English]
  17. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），宋小霞，江腾，郭思琪，一种载药纳米机器人及其制备方法和应用，申请日：2020-11-13，授权日：2022-02-08，中国发明专利，202011272419.4 [link, English]
  18. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），钟钰琨，穆学良，汪子涵，江腾，一种Ti纳米管，申请日：2019-12-13，授权日：2021-05-04，中国实用新型专利，201922248315.9 [link, English]
  19. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），江腾，穆学良，汪子涵，钟钰琨，一种磁性L型微纳米机器人，申请日：2020-01-20，授权日：2021-01-05，中国，中国实用新型专利，202020128809.3 [link, English]
  20. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），汪子涵，穆学良，江腾，钟钰琨，一种螺旋型微型机器人，申请日：2019-12-18，授权日：2020-12-15，中国实用新型专利，201922282285.3 [link, English]

 

Pending Patents

  1. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），赵泓凯，王昊英，一种天然高分子基量子点微型机器人及其制备方法，2024-08-20，中国发明专利，202411139888.7 [link, English]
  2. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），艾扎古尔，李泽睿，张钧凯，方力军，磁性微粒的驱动系统和方法、存储介质，2024-05-15，中国发明专利，202410600556.8 [link, English]
  3. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），王彪，苏冬梅，韩可菲，微型机器人的控制方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质，2024-05-09，中国发明专利，202410569618.3[link, English]
  4. 王昊英，郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），一种乙基纤维素微纳机器人及其制备方法与应用，2024-04-28，中国发明专利，202410521205.8 [link, English]
  5. 王昊英，熊俊峰，赵泓凯，郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），一种微纳机器人及其制备方法与应用，2024-04-28，中国发明专利，202410519752.2 [link, English]
  6. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），王彪，一种非接触式运载载物用微型机器人及其制备方法和应用，2024-04-17，中国发明专利，202410463606.2 [link, English]
  7. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），王彪，微型机器人系统、控制方法、控制装置及存储介质，2024-04-17，中国发明专利，202410463612.8 [link, English]
  8. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），王彪，同质微型机器人系统及控制方法，2024-04-16，中国发明专利，202410456325.4 [link, English]
  9. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），穆学良，王昊英，钟钰琨，一种ZIF-8磁性纤维素气凝胶及其制备方法和应用，2023-02-13，中国发明专利，202310158562.8 [link, English]
  10. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），付伟，宋小霞，一种水凝胶机器人及其制备方法与应用，2022-10-09，中国发明专利，202211227026.0 [link, English]
  11. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），耿鑫然，郭琼玉，熊俊峰，蔡玉臻，一种聚合物微型机器人及其制备方法和应用，2021-06-25，中国发明专利，202110711367.4 [link, English]
  12. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），陈志，穆学良，林丽，李泽顺，一种磁控微针机器人及其制备方法、使用方法和应用，2020-07-22，中国发明专利，202010713601.2 [link, English]
  13. 郑裕基（U Kei Cheang），江腾，穆学良，汪子涵，钟钰琨，一种磁性L型微纳米机器人及其制备方法和用途，2020-01-20，中国发明专利，202010064430.5 [link, English]

 

News in Media

  1. Viral Pulse, “Scientists from Drexel University and collaborators have developed 200-nanometer iron-oxide "microswimmer" robots,” June 18, 2025 [Article]
  2. 达普芯片交易网, “型机器人要颠覆的对象是：心脏支架,” August 23, 2018 [Article]
  3. AIP Publishing, “Going swimmingly: biotemplates breakthrough paves way for cheaper nanobots,” November 30, 2017 (featured on APL Material’s homepage) [Article]
  4. ScienceDaily, “Going swimmingly: biotemplates breakthrough paves way for cheaper nanobots,” November 30, 2017 [Article]
  5. Science News Explores, “Therapeutic robots may soon swim within the body,” July 6, 2017 [Article]
  6. Science News for Students, “Therapeutic robots may soon swim within the body,” July 6, 2017
  7. Live Science, “These robots are chains of tiny magnetic beads,” August 2, 2016 [Article]
  8. Digital Journal, “Mini-robots being trialed to test out medical procedures,” August 1, 2016 [Article]
  9. EE Times China, “研究人员简化微型医疗机器人制造,” August 1, 2016 [Article]
  10. 中国机器人网, “微型游泳机器人在磁场下可以解除耦合并重新连接,” August 1, 2016 [Article]
  11. 中模在线, “微型游泳机器人在磁场下可以解除耦合并重新连接,” August 1, 2016 [Article]
  12. 壹读, “微型游泳机器人在磁场下可以解除耦合并重新连接,” August 1, 2016 [Article]
  13. 每日頭條, “微型游泳机器人在磁场下可以解除耦合并重新连接,” August 1, 2016 [Article]
  14. 中国工业电器网, “微型游泳机器人在磁场下可以解除耦合并重新连接,” August 1, 2016
  15. 和讯网, “微型游泳机器人在磁场下可以解除耦合并重新连接,” August 1, 2016
  16. YTN Television Network, “'암세포에 약물 배달' 극초소형 로봇 개발,” July 30, 2016 [Video]
  17. EE Times Taiwan, “研究人員簡化微型醫療機器人製造,” July 29, 2016 [Article]
  18. Yonhap News, “혈관 뚫어주는 자석 로봇, 길이 길수록 속도·힘,” July 29, 2016 [Article]
  19. The DigitalTimes, “혈관 뚫어주는 자석 로봇, 길이 길수록 속도·힘,” July 29, 2016 [Article]
  20. MBC&iMBC, “혈관 뚫어주는 자석 로봇, 길이 길수록 속도·힘,” July 29, 2016 [Article]
  21. NATE Communications, “혈관 뚫어주는 자석 로봇, 길이 길수록 속도·힘,” July 29, 2016 [Article]
  22. NATE TV, “혈관 뚫어주는 자석 로봇, 길이 길수록 속도·힘,” July 29, 2016 [Article]
  23. AJUNEWS, “혈관 뚫어주는 자석 로봇, 길이 길수록 속도·힘,” July 29, 2016 [Article]
  24. Naver Blog, “혈관 뚫어주는 자석 로봇, 길이 길수록 속도·힘,” July 29, 2016 [Article]
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